Disparities in access to maternal and child health services among indigenous communities in Paraguay

Abstract

Introduction. Access to maternal and child health services is crucial to reduce maternal and child mortality, especially in vulnerable populations such as indigenous communities. In Paraguay, these communities face geographical, cultural and socioeconomic barriers that perpetuate health inequalities. This study analyzes the disparities in access to maternal and child health services among indigenous communities, considering geographical, linguistic and resource availability factors.  Objective. To analyze the disparities in access to and utilization of maternal and child health services among indigenous communities in Paraguay. Materials y Methods. An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted based on data from the IV National Population and Housing Census for Indigenous Peoples (2022). A total of 789 indigenous communities were included, stratified by region and language family. Variables such as access to prenatal care, type of health personnel and provision of medicines were analyzed. Descriptive analyzes were applied. Results. 77.06% of the communities receive services from a Family Health Unit (USF), but their effective use varies significantly. The communities in the Western region have greater coverage of indigenous promoters (51.57%) than those in the Eastern region (30.57%). Home deliveries are predominant (42.57%) and care by indigenous midwives is still common (48.92%). The provision of medicines reaches only 60.20% of the communities. Conclusion.  This study highlights the urgency of implementing policies adapted to the cultural and contextual needs of indigenous communities, improving the coverage, quality and relevance of services.