Kaposi's Sarcoma in an Immunocompromised Patient: A case report

Abstract

Introduction: Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a vascular neoplasm associated with HHV-8 infection, commonly seen in immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with HIV/AIDS. Its epidemic form is the most aggressive and is considered an AIDS-defining illness. Case Report: We present the case of a 36-year-old male diagnosed with HIV five years ago, with poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and a CD4 count of 78 cells/mm³. He presented with progressive violaceous skin lesions on the extremities, face, and neck, accompanied by systemic symptoms. Physical examination revealed violaceous macules and nodules, and a skin biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of Kaposi’s sarcoma. No visceral involvement was detected. ART was initiated along with close clinical follow-up. Discussion: KS in HIV-infected patients reflects severe immunosuppression. Diagnosis requires clinical, serological, and histopathological evaluation. Treatment focuses on immune restoration through ART, and systemic chemotherapy may be required in advanced cases. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis, adherence to treatment, and comprehensive care to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.